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Microbes in Industrial Products 🧑‍🔬

Friendly microbes work hard for us in industry! Inside giant fermentors, they change cheap raw materials into valuable goodies like drinks, medicines, and specialty chemicals :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}.

🍷 1. Fermented Beverages

  • Brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) turns malted cereals or fruit juices into ethanol :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}.
  • Wine and beer come straight from fermentation (no distillation).
    Whisky, brandy, rum need an extra distillation step for a stronger kick :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}.

🎉 Different raw materials and processing methods create a whole menu of drinks, from mild beers to bold spirits.

💊 2. Antibiotics — Life-Saving Molecules

  • Antibiotics are microbe-made chemicals that stop or kill harmful microbes :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.
  • Penicillin was a lucky find! Alexander Fleming noticed a stray mould (Penicillium notatum) keeping bacteria away. Later, Chain and Florey showed its full power, helping WWII soldiers and earning a 1945 Nobel Prize :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.
  • Thanks to antibiotics, once-deadly diseases like plague, whooping cough, diphtheria, and leprosy are now treatable :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.

🧪 3. Chemicals, Enzymes & Other Bioactive Molecules

Organic Acids

  • 🟠 Aspergillus niger → Citric acid
  • 🟤 Acetobacter aceti → Acetic acid
  • 🟢 Clostridium butylicum → Butyric acid
  • ⚪ Lactobacillus → Lactic acid :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}

Alcohol

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) also churns out industrial-grade ethanol :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.

Handy Enzymes

  • Lipases power detergents, lifting greasy stains :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.
  • Pectinases & Proteases make bottled fruit juice crystal clear :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.
  • Streptokinase from Streptococcus (tweaked by genetic engineering) works as a “clot-buster” for heart-attack patients :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.

Special-Purpose Drugs

  • Cyclosporin A (from Trichoderma polysporum) calms the immune system for organ-transplant success :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.
  • Statins (from Monascus purpureus) lower blood cholesterol by blocking its-making enzyme :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.

🚀 High-Yield NEET Nuggets

  1. Brewer’s yeast makes alcoholic drinks; distillation separates strong spirits from beer & wine.
  2. Penicillin story: Fleming’s observation → Chain & Florey’s medical breakthrough.
  3. Match microbes with organic acids (e.g., Aspergillus niger → citric acid).
  4. Streptokinase acts as a clot-buster in myocardial infarction.
  5. Cyclosporin A (immunosuppressant) and Statins (cholesterol-lowering) are microbe gifts.

🌟 Microbes aren’t just tiny; they’re mighty partners in industry!

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